Sistem Peradilan Islam pada Masa Khalifah Utsman bin Affan: Studi Analisis terhadap Kelembagaan dan Metode Pengambilan Hukum

Abstract

Uthman ibn Affan, the third caliph of the Rashidun period, played a pivotal role in the institutional development of Islamic governance and legal systems. His reign was marked by vast territorial expansion, necessitating more structured legal administration across the Muslim world. A key contribution of Uthman was the codification of the Qur'an, aimed at preserving the unity of the Muslim ummah and ensuring textual consistency. In judicial matters, he employed ijtihad based on the Qur'an, Sunnah, and the consensus of the Companions to resolve emerging legal challenges. He also appointed qualified judges (qadhis) in newly integrated regions, strengthening the justice system across the expanding Islamic territories. This study explores the methods of judicial practice during Uthman's caliphate and highlights his contributions to the foundational development of Islamic legal thought and institutions.